1, color temperature , is the light color of white light, the difference between white light color is red or blue, expressed in absolute temperature, the unit is K (Kelvin). Generally, the color temperature range of indoor lighting is 2800K-6500K. Illuminating white light, the most typical is sunlight. It is well known that sunlight is a mixture of light of various colors. Among them, the most important ones are red, green and blue. (The picture below is an exploded view of the light passing through the prism, which proves that the sunlight is a mixture of light of multiple colors.) It can be seen from this figure that the spectral composition of sunlight is rich and full. The spectral distribution of incandescent lamps and LED lamps in artificial light sources is better than that of high-pressure sodium lamps and fluorescent lamps. The spectrum of fluorescent lamps contains harmful ultraviolet components, due to incandescent lamps. It consumes a lot of energy and will be eliminated. The LED light source will be the leading product of the illumination source. When describing white light color, many people use warm white light, natural white light, daylight white light, and cool white light classification. For the quality of illumination, this classification range is too large. Color temperature should be used to describe white light. Usually, LED white color temperature and white light The correspondence between light colors is as shown in the left figure below (slightly described). The color temperature distinction of international standards should be based on the CIE1931 chromaticity diagram, as shown on the right side of the figure below. The accurate color temperature value is to be tested by professional instruments. When purchasing lighting products, describing the color temperature is a problem that is troublesome. In order to have an intuitive understanding, we have created a color temperature reference legend, which can distinguish the color temperature of the lighting product very well. As shown below. What color temperature is used for indoor lighting, it is to match the basic color of the interior decoration, the correct use of white light color temperature, can greatly enhance the interior decoration effect, using color temperature lighting suitable for decorative color, is an important method to ensure the quality of lighting, the color temperature of the light source is selected. It is necessary to consider the interior wall, floor, furniture, decorations, and the use of the room. In addition, consider the blue light hazard caused by the light source. For the elderly and children, try to use low color temperature lighting. Different color temperatures have a certain influence on people's emotions. Warm colors will make people feel comfortable, cool colors will make people think clearly; patients with autism and mental depression should not live longer in the environment above 4000K; long-term use of color temperature above 6500K It may cause macular degeneration in the retina of the human eye. When choosing the color temperature of the light source, you need to consider it carefully. 2. Color rendering is the degree of reduction of the color of the surface of the illuminated object by the illumination source. It is represented by the color rendering index Ra. The range of Ra is from 0-100. The closer the Ra value is to 100, the higher the color rendering, the surface of the illuminated object. The better the color reduction. The color rendering of the light source requires professional instrument testing. It can be seen from the spectrum of the sun that the solar spectrum is the most abundant, and it is the light source with the best color rendering. The color rendering of artificial light source is always lower than that of sunlight. Therefore, the best way to identify the color rendering of artificial light source is to The easiest way to compare sunlight is to compare the color of the palm or face with sunlight and artificial light. The closer to the color under the sun, the better the color rendering. You can also palm your hand to the light source and see the palm. The color, if the color of the palm of the hand is gray or yellow, the color rendering is not good. If the palm of the hand has a blood color (red color), the color rendering is normal. For LED light sources, Ra can be roughly divided into three levels, Ra is less than 69, Ra is between 70 and 79, and Ra is greater than 80. For high-quality indoor lighting, a light source with Ra greater than 80 should be used. The color rendering index and the degree of color reduction can be referred to the following figure. In order to purchase LED products with high color rendering, it is recommended that the purchaser do a color blind test. Those with color blindness cannot purchase high color rendering light sources. Color blindness, also known as "Dalton disease", color blindness is that the human eye can not distinguish certain colors, color objects seen will be lack of color, color blindness is more common in red and green blindness, blue blindness and full color blindness are rare. When purchasing an illumination source, first test yourself if there is color blindness, otherwise you will not be able to purchase a high-quality illumination source; the following figure is a classification of color blindness. You can test whether color blindness is possible by the following figure. When purchasing an illumination source, we hope that the higher the color rendering, the better. However, the luminous efficiency of the light source with high color rendering will be reduced, and the power consumption of the light source will increase. For less important occasions, the color rendering requirement can be considered. Such as stairs aisle and so on. For the LED light source, the LED with high color rendering is also costly, and the light source with high color rendering quality is relatively good. By selecting the LED light source with high color rendering, it is also one of the simple methods for identifying high quality lighting products. Color rendering is an important indicator of lighting quality. The high color rendering of the lighting space will make people feel the level is clear, the color of the items is beautiful, and the visual beauty is achieved. Below is the high color rendering lighting picture. 3. The illuminance value of the light source, and the illuminance is the luminous flux that the light source illuminates on the unit area of ​​the object to be illuminated. It is the degree of lightness and darkness of the surface of the illuminated object. It is represented by Lux Lux (Lx). The higher the illuminance value of the illuminated surface, the brighter the object is illuminated. The illuminance value has a great relationship with the distance from the light source to the object to be illuminated. The farther the distance is, the lower the illuminance value is. The illuminance value is also related to the light distribution curve of the luminaire. The smaller the light output angle of the luminaire, the higher the illuminance value. The higher the light output angle, the lower the illuminance value; the illuminance value requires special instrument test; from the photometric point of view, the luminous flux is the main indicator. As the lighting product, it mainly reflects the brightness of the surface of the irradiated object, and the illuminance value is used to describe the illumination. The effect is more precise. The illuminance value of indoor lighting is high and low, reflecting the brightness and darkness of indoor lighting. Excessive illuminance and low illuminance have an impact on the health of the human eye. Therefore, the illuminance value of indoor lighting needs reference. National standards (Table 1), according to the illuminance values ​​recommended in this table will not appear too high or too low illumination. Table 1 Illumination standard values ​​of residential building lighting 4, the light distribution curve of the luminaire , the indoor lighting effect is related to the layout of the luminaire and the light distribution curve of the luminaire. A good lighting effect is reflected in the reasonable lighting layout and the correct application of the light distribution of the lamps. The layout of the lamps and the light distribution of the lamps determine the visual function and visual comfort of the indoor lighting, reflecting the three-dimensional sense and layering of the lighting space. Among them, the light distribution application of the luminaire is appropriate, which can improve the lighting quality of the entire lighting space. The purpose of the luminaire is to fix and protect the light source, as well as to decorate and beautify the environment. Another purpose of the luminaire is to redistribute the light output of the light source so that the light of the light source outputs light according to the light output angle of the luminaire design. This is called the light distribution of the luminaire. The light distribution curve of the luminaire is to describe the light output form of the luminaire. The smaller the light distribution angle, the brighter the sensation, and the light distribution curve of the luminaire is tested by special instruments. The figure below shows the light distribution curve commonly used in lamps. The light distribution of the luminaire is related to the lighting function of the luminaire. The track spotlight and ceiling light generally adopt 15 or 30 light distribution, the downlight generally adopts 30 degree or 60 degree light distribution, and the bulb and ceiling lamp are generally 120 degree light distribution. . The light distribution of the lamp panel is between 60 degrees and 90 degrees. 5, the luminous efficiency of the light source, the brightness of the light source is described by the luminous flux, the luminous flux unit is lumens (lm), the greater the luminous flux, the higher the brightness of the light source, the ratio of the luminous flux of the light source to the power consumption of the light source, called the light source The luminous efficiency, the unit is lm / w (the lumen value per watt), the luminous efficiency of the light source is an important indicator to measure the quality of the light source, the higher the luminous efficiency of the light source, the more energy efficient the light source, the luminous efficiency of the LED light source is about 90-130 lm /w, the luminous efficiency of the energy-saving lamp is 48-80 lm/w, the luminous efficiency of the incandescent lamp is 9-12 lm/w, and the luminous efficiency of the poor quality LED light source is only 60-80 lm/w, and the luminous efficiency is high. The quality of the light source is also relatively good. 6, luminaire efficiency , indoor lighting is rarely used alone in light source lighting, usually the light source is used in the luminaire, after the light source is placed on the luminaire, the light output of the luminaire is lower than the light output of the separate light source, the ratio of the two is called the luminaire Efficiency, high efficiency of the lamps, indicating that the manufacturing quality of the lamps is good, and the energy-saving indicators of the lamps are high. The lamp efficiency is an important indicator for measuring the quality of the lamps. By comparing the efficiency of the lamps, the quality of the lamps can also be indirectly evaluated. The relationship between the luminous efficiency of the light source, the efficiency of the luminaire, and the illuminance value of the luminaire is that the luminous flux output by the luminaire is only proportional to the efficiency of the luminaire, and the illuminance value of the luminaire is proportional to the luminous efficiency of the illuminating light, and the illuminance value of the luminaire is matched with the luminaire. Light curve is related, the illuminance value is high, it does not mean that the luminous flux is high, and the light source with high luminous efficiency of the light source is placed in the lamp with low efficiency of the lamp, the lumen output of the lamp will be greatly reduced, and the luminous efficiency of the light source and the efficiency of the lamp are higher, the illumination The higher the energy-saving index, the luminous efficiency of the light source and the efficiency of the luminaire are important indicators for measuring high-quality lighting products. 7. Glare is the degree of discomfort caused by the light of the light source, which is popular. When it is felt that the light source is very glaring, it indicates that the light source has glare. On the streets of the night, when the car with the high beam lights comes on the way, the glare we see is the glare. As shown in the picture below, the indoor lighting also has glare problems. The glare will make people feel uncomfortable and even cause temporary Short blindness, the glare of indoor lighting has the greatest impact on children and the elderly, and glare affects the quality of lighting, which is a problem worthy of attention. The glare problem and the indoor illuminance and lighting energy-saving indicators are mutually constrained. If a single light source is bright enough, there will be glare problems, that is, the so-called "sufficient light will be dazzling", glare problems, weigh the pros and cons, comprehensive consideration; the greater the luminous flux, the glare The higher the illuminance value, the higher the glare; the smaller the light distribution angle of the lamp, the higher the glare; the lower the brightness, the lower the glare, but the energy saving index will also decrease; the control of the glare problem is based on visual comfort. The principle is controlled; for those with old people and children, more attention should be paid to the control of glare. The anti-glare of the light source is generally solved by the luminaire, such as adding a light shielding film or a diffusion sheet in front of the light source. However, when a light source or a light fixture is said to have no glare, it means that the light source or the light fixture has no brightness, and the glare problem is also troublesome. A problem with the application of LED lighting products. 8. Strobe , the strobe of the light source is the phenomenon that the brightness of the light source changes brightly and darkly with time. When working under the light source with stroboscopic light for a long time, it will cause visual fatigue. The strobe time of the largest light source is 0.02 seconds. The visual retention time of the eye is 0.04 seconds, and the strobe time of the light source is faster than the visual retention time of the human eye, so the human vision hardly feels that the light source is flashing, but the visual cells of the human eye will sense it, which is caused The reason for visual fatigue, the higher the frequency of flashing of the light source, the lower the visual fatigue caused by stroboscopic light. We call it low-frequency flash, which will affect the health of the human eye and affect the quality of lighting. The strobe of incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp and energy-saving lamp is determined by the working principle of the light source, which cannot be overcome, and can only be reduced. The strobe of the LED light source is generated by the driving circuit of the light source, and the improved driving mode can achieve no stroboscopic. The strobes of commonly used illumination sources are: incandescent lamps (high-frequency flash), fluorescent lamps (electronic ballast for low-frequency flash, magnetic ballast for high-frequency flashing), energy-saving lamps (medium stroboscopic), and some fluorescent lamps. It is said that there is no stroboscopic flashing. In fact, it is only low-frequency flashing. Fluorescent lamps must have stroboscopic flashing. There may be stroboscopic LED lights that are powered by AC. Only battery-powered LEDs that are not pulse-driven can achieve true stroboscopic. High quality LED light sources have very low strobe. The strobe of the light source is not visible to the human eye, so how to check it? Here is a simple and effective way to identify the strobe of the light source, use the camera's camera function to align the light source, and adjust the appropriate distance. When there are bright and dark stripes on the screen, the light source has strobe, if the stripe interval is obvious, The strobe of the light source is large, as shown in the figure below, there are obvious light and dark stripes on both sides of the light source, indicating that the strobe is large. If the light and dark stripes on the screen are few or very thin, the strobe is low; if the light and dark stripes are hardly visible, the frequency is Flash is very low, but not all mobile phones can see strobe, some mobile phones can not see strobe, when testing, it is best to try a few more mobile phones. The stroboscopic control of the light source is related to the cost of the product, and the low frequency flash and the stroboscopic light source are costly. The focus of the stroboscopic problem of the light source is the application. For example, the aisle, kitchen, bathroom, etc. can relax the stroboscopic indicator. The strobe indicator has strict requirements in some lighting places, such as reading lamps, shooting places, etc. The focus is on the use of time. The use of stroboscopic lamps for a long time will affect the health of the human eye. The stroboscopic problem does not only occur in the illumination source. The mobile phones, LCD monitors and TVs that we use every day have strobes, but we use them every day. Use them. 9, the safety of lighting equipment, lighting equipment safety including electric shock problems, leakage problems, high temperature burn problems, explosion problems, installation reliability, safety signs, application environment identification. The safety of lighting equipment is restricted by the relevant national standards. In general, we can observe the appearance quality of the product, the certification mark, the process quality of the driving power supply, and the related data provided by the product. The simplest method is the price of the lighting product. Products with high prices, high relative reliability, and products with too low price should be alert, that is, the so-called cheap and not good goods, then, how to judge the price of lighting products, recommend a simple judgment method, that is, calculate each The price of the tile, if the price per watt is too low, the product needs to be cautious; determine the price per watt of the light source, the premise is to actually measure the true active power of the light source, there are many LED light source nominal Power is as high as energy-saving lamps; it is possible that they also noticed the price per watt. 10. The energy-saving indicator of lighting equipment , the highest level of lighting is visual beauty. In order to enjoy this kind of beauty, it will be turned on for a long time to enjoy. If the lighting source consumes too much power, the user will have a psychological burden due to the electricity bill and cause vision. The beauty is degraded, which indirectly reduces the quality of lighting. Therefore, we also include the energy-saving indicators of lighting equipment in the lighting quality indicators. Related to lighting energy efficiency indicators are: We focus on the efficiency of the light source driving power supply and the heat dissipation problem of the LED light source. For the LED light source, the higher the efficiency of the driving power source, the higher the luminous efficiency of the light source, and the more energy efficient the light source; the power efficiency and the power factor of the power source are two different. The concept of both is high, indicating that the quality of the drive power is good. Power efficiency: The driving power supply converts the input alternating current into a switching device that illuminates the LED chip . During this conversion process, the conversion device itself has power loss. The greater the loss, the lower the efficiency of the driving power supply, and the low energy saving index of the light source. Generally, the efficiency of the driving power source is between 82% and 92%, that is, the power loss of the conversion device is between 18% and 8% of the power of the light source, and many LED light sources are marked with the power factor of the driving power source. A misunderstanding may occur, which means that the higher the power factor, the more energy-saving the light source is. In fact, the power factor of the driving power supply only affects the loss of the power supply line, and has no effect on the energy saving of the light source itself. For the low-power LED lamp, the low power factor is applied to the power supply line. The power loss is negligible. For high-quality lighting sources, the more important is the efficiency of the driving power supply. Of course, both the driving power efficiency and the power factor are high, and the power performance is better. Power factor: Some of the total energy required for the operation of the light source is not consumed by the light source, and is sent back to the power supply grid. The more power is not lost, the lower the power factor, and the power is only increased in the power supply line. The line loss of the wire does not affect the power consumed by the light source itself. The meter that records the power consumption is not sensitive to the line loss caused by the low power factor, but the power supply company has to pay for this part of the loss. Therefore, the national standard is also large. The power factor of the power lighting product is specified, and the quality of the high power factor illumination source and the driving power source is also expected. The efficiency of the drive power is completely different from the power factor of the drive power supply. This problem should be clear. The heat dissipation problem of the luminaire: compared with other illumination sources, the heat dissipation problem of the LED light source or the luminaire has a prominent influence on the energy-saving index. The LED light source or the luminaire with poor heat dissipation may cause the luminous efficiency of the light source to decrease and the luminous flux of the light source to decrease. The generated illuminance value decreases, indirectly reducing the energy-saving index of the illumination, and more importantly, reducing the life of the light source; the heat dissipation of the LED light source or the luminaire mainly depends on the thermodynamic structural design of the LED light source or the luminaire, which is difficult for the purchaser to judge, for example The large heat sink does not mean that the heat dissipation performance is good. The heat dissipation performance of the heat sink depends on the efficiency of the heat sink. For example, the surface temperature of the LED light source or the lamp is high, and the heat may be dissipated, the heat may be dissipated, or the LED chip may be The result that the heat cannot be dissipated and the internal temperature is further increased and then transmitted to the surface; for example, the LED light source or the lamp itself has good heat dissipation performance, but after installation, the heat cannot be convected due to environmental factors of the installation position, resulting in failure of heat dissipation capability; It is the cause of poor heat dissipation performance, for the user, the first Do not use LED light source or the product whose surface temperature is too high. The test method is to use your finger to stay in the hottest place on the surface of the LED light source for 3 seconds. If you can't stand this surface temperature, you should consider the heat dissipation problem of the LED light source. It is the space where the radiator is located after the installation of the lamp, and there is enough space for convection. In addition, the products with LED light source efficiency above 100 lm/w and the driving power efficiency of LED light source are above 85%; these 3 The method basically meets the requirements of the user. This article does not use too many technical terms to describe the quality of lighting indicators, but to describe these lighting knowledge in an easy-to-understand way, in order to make it easy for buyers to learn how to purchase product quality that meets lighting quality, through the above indicators Buyers of lighting sources can guarantee the purchase of products with quality assurance; especially for LED lighting products, due to the expertise in photometry, colorimetry, electricity, thermodynamics, materials science, etc., it is difficult for buyers to fully grasp Judging, by understanding this knowledge, I believe that it will bring certain benefits to LED light source users to jointly maintain and develop a healthy LED lighting market. 24 hours mechanical timer
setting at any time
Instructions:
Specifications:
Caution:
6.T his item is only for indoor use.
Plug-in Mechanical Timer, Mechanical Timer Socket, 24hr Mechanical Timer, Mechanical Timer Plug, Mechanical Timer Adaptor, Mechanical Electric Timer Switch NINGBO COWELL ELECTRONICS & TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD , https://www.cowellsockets.com
White light uses color temperature indicators to describe light color. When there are many blue light components in white light, white light color is blue (cold cold, such as northern winter noon sunshine). When there are many red light components in white light, white light color is partial. Red (warm, such as morning and evening sunlight), color temperature is the only way to express white light color. The white light of the artificial light source is also formed by the mixing of light of various colors. For artificial light sources, we also describe the light color of white light with color temperature. For the physical analysis of white light, we usually use the method of spectral analysis. The spectral analysis of white light requires specialization. Instrument test production. The figure below is a variety of spectra.
1) The luminous efficiency of the light source.
2), lighting efficiency.
3), the effect design of the lighting space and the reasonableness of the illumination space illumination value.
4), the power efficiency of the drive power supply.
5), the heat dissipation performance of the LED light source.
Instant indicator
Min.setting time:15 minutes. Max.setting timer:24 hours
With hand switch,can be switched to operating and
1. Set program: 1 pin is equivalent to 15 minutes. Determine desired start time and push down pins until desired
off time.
For instance, if you want electrical devices to work from 8:00am to 11:00am and from 13:00pm to 17:00pm, you
just need to put down allthe pins between the three period time.
2. Set the current time: Turning the dial clockwise until the arrow pointing to
current time.
For example,if now it is 8:00 am, please turn the dial and make sure the
arrow point to 8. (See the picture.)
3. Plug the electrical device directly into the timer. Make sure the electrical
device is power-on.
4. Plug the timer into electrical outlet and the electrical device will be work
according to the setting program.
Note: = Normal Ope n = Timing
Make sure the switch on the Timing position. If it
is on the [Normal Open" mode, the electrical device is
always power-on and the timer function no work.
Rated Voltage, Current and Power
As shown on the label
Time Setting Range
15minutes24hours
Working Temperature
-10℃?+55℃
Operation
Clockwise
Insulation Resistance
>100M
Inherent Loss
≤1W
Application:
1. To enable high-power electric appliances to run automatically at off-peak time if there is different electricity
price according to different periods of time in some areas.
2. To use for electric appliances which need time control, such as water heaters, air conditioners, drinking
fountains, rice cookers, advertising lights and so on.
3. To control the charging time. For example, battery of electric bikes or mobile phones, storage batteries, etc.
4. Occasions which need switch on/off frequently, like interval spray irrigation for flowersand lawn, cyclical
adding oxygen to fish jar, fountains and so on.
5. Home safety precautions and lighting.
1.D o not exceed the maximum ratings of the timer.
2.M ust reset the current time after power failure.
3.D o not plug the timer directly into the working electrical appliances.
4.U nless changing the setting, keep the program same every day.
5.D o not disassemble timer by yourself. Professionals service are needed for maintenance.
Top ten indicators of indoor lighting quality
Correct application of lighting quality indicators will bring new feelings to your lighting space, especially in the era of LED lighting, the quality of lighting is extremely important. The use of lighting quality indicators to purchase LED light source products will bring more effort with less effort. Effect; below, we introduce the main indicators of lighting quality.