Hydropower is the second largest component of electricity production. Compared with thermal power, hydropower is a renewable energy source and has the advantages of high environmental benefits, no harmful gases and smoke and dust, high power generation efficiency, and low power generation costs. The ideal power generation mode. Jinping Hydropower Station includes Jinping I and II hydropower stations, which together form the Jinping “Gemini Constellation†power station. It is considered to be the most difficult construction arrangement in the country and even in the world, with the greatest difficulty in construction management, the greatest difficulty in engineering technology, and the most dangerous construction environment. One of the giant hydroelectric stations. The Jinping hydropower station automation control system mainly includes the monitoring system of the hydroelectric generating set, the control system of the switch station, the public equipment control system of the hydropower station, the gate automatic control system of the hydropower station and so on. Through the open and modularized structure design, monitoring, collection, control and regulation of the hydropower station production process are realized, and the monitoring and protection functions of the auxiliary equipment such as generator sets, transformers, and lines and other auxiliary equipment such as oil, gas and water systems are realized. . Therefore, Jinping Hydropower Station has a very high requirement for this system, including strong data acquisition and processing capabilities and strong stability, effectively fulfilling the “unattended†requirement of the automatic monitoring system for hydropower stations, and having flexibility and good compatibility. , safe and reliable, and strong anti-interference ability. Weidmüller succeeded in winning the Jinping Hydropower Project and provided an integrated electrical connection solution for the project, applying the control layer of the auxiliary machine system. Weidmüller products used in this project include intermediate relays, high current terminals, flat panel and rail switching power supplies, signal isolators, terminal blocks and other products, providing a powerful guarantee for the safe and reliable operation of the system. Jinping II Hydroelectric Power Station Effect Map Jinping Hydropower Station Effect Map Stable and reliable power supply The safe and reliable open source power supply is very important for the reliability of the system. Once the switching power supply fails, if it cannot be discovered in time, it will bring serious consequences. Weidmüller PRO-M series switching power supply is used in the auxiliary control system cabinet to provide a reliable working voltage for the electrical equipment in the cabinet. This series of switching power supply has a wide voltage range, AC and DC voltage input adaptive; excellent overload capacity; strong output, -25...70 °C output power margin is abundant; conversion efficiency up to 91%, etc., to meet the secondary circuit The more advanced instrumentation, control equipment, and automation equipment are required for power supply. In addition, the Weidmüller PRO-M series switching power supplies are small in size and can be mounted side by side without any gaps, saving space in the cabinet. The use of Weidmüller PRO-M series switching power supplies in the Jinping hydropower station project can ensure stable system performance, high precision, and greater safety and reliability, providing reliable power protection for the system's production and other loads, and also for control systems. Automation has laid a solid foundation. Weidmüller PRO-M Switching Power Supply Products and Applications in the Cabinet Reliable and effective isolation The Weidmüller DRM relay was also used in the project's auxiliary control system for isolation between the PLC and the current digital signal. The PLC itself has a transistor output, but its capacity is small (500mA) and it is difficult to directly drive the load. Therefore, Weidmüller DRM series intermediate relays are required as the interface between the relay output of the PLC and the load. The PLC comes with the transistor to drive the Weidmüller DRM relay coil, and then the Weidmüller DRM series relay contacts. Point to drive the load, thereby achieving effective isolation of the PLC's own transistor and load. Weidmüller DRM series relays have high sensitivity, test lock handle, mechanical indication window, contact indication window, multiple international certifications, long service life of up to 250,000 times, pluggable function modules, and high cost performance It is favored by customers because of many features. Weidmüller's DRM series of intermediate relays are small in size, suitable for compact space in cabinets, and suitable for various industrial controls. They can achieve electrical isolation and signal conversion between controllers and sensors and actuators. Weidmüller DRM Series Intermediate Relay Products and Cabinet Applications High-efficiency overvoltage protection Weidmüller MCZ series surge protectors are also used in the auxiliary control system of this project to provide reliable overvoltage protection for key signals. In order to prevent overvoltage damage to the system equipment, all threatened interfaces (signal input, etc.) must be connected to a surge protector. Weidmüller MCZ series surge protectors use varistor technology. Because of its non-linear characteristics, low residual voltage and large flow capacity, the technology is widely used in signal lightning protection. Weidmüller MCZ series surge protectors protect the 4-20mA signal loop of the control system, prevent surges from entering the control system through the loop and cause damage to the system, so it is suitable for the protection of sensor/actuator systems. In addition, this series of products also has ultra-thin design, easy installation, does not occupy the space inside the cabinet, high protection grade, and is very suitable for use in the control cabinet. Weidmüller MCZ series surge protector In addition to the above products, the Weidmüller WAVE II series signal isolators and the WF and WFF high-current series terminal blocks are also widely used in this project, providing an integrated electrical connection solution for this project. WAVE II Series Signal Isolators and Cabinet Applications Weidmüller High Current Series Terminal Blocks Field Application Diagram Integrated solutions such as Weidmüller switching power supply, relays, surge protectors, isolators and terminal blocks have been used in a large number of applications in the Jinping I and II hydropower stations, which can help the Jinping Hydropower Station achieve auxiliary and The monitoring system has laid a solid foundation for safe, reliable and efficient operation. With the vigorous development of China's power industry, we are expecting Weidmüller to bring more efficient, practical, reliable and safe solutions to the Chinese power industry, opening a new chapter together with the Chinese power industry. What is Car Ethernet Vehicle Router,Vehicle 4G Router,Vehicle 4G Wireless Router,Vehicle Wifi Router Shenzhen MovingComm Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.movingcommiot.com
Car Ethernet is a new local area network technology that uses Ethernet to connect the electronic unit in the car. Unlike traditional Ethernet, which uses 4 unshielded twisted pair cables, car Ethernet can achieve a transmission rate of 100Mbit/s or even 1Gbit/s on a single pair of unshielded twisted pair cables. At the same time, it also meets the requirements of the automotive industry for high reliability, low electromagnetic radiation, low power consumption, bandwidth allocation, low latency and synchronous real-time. The physical layer of on-board Ethernet uses BroadRReach technology, and BroadR-Reach's physical layer (PHY) technology has been standardized by the One-pair Ethernet Alliance (OPEN). Therefore, it is sometimes called Broad RReach (BRR) or OABR (Open Alliance BroadR-Reach). The MAC layer of vehicle Ethernet adopts the IEEE 802.3 interface standard and seamlessly supports widely used high-level network protocols (such as TCP/IP) without any adaptation.
On-board Ethernet protocol architecture
Vehicle-borne Ethernet and its supported upper-layer protocol architecture are shown in Figure 1. Vehicle-borne Ethernet mainly involves OSI layer 1 and Layer 2 technologies, while vehicle-borne Ethernet also supports AVB, TCP/IP, DOIP, SOME/IP and other protocols or application forms.
On-board Ethernet framework
Among them, AVB is an extension of traditional Ethernet functions, which enhances the real-time performance of traditional Ethernet audio and video transmission by adding precise clock synchronization, bandwidth reservation and other protocols, and is a network audio and video real-time transmission technology with great development potential. SOME/IP (Scalable Service-Oriented MiddlewarE on IP) specifies the video communication interface requirements for vehicle camera applications, which can be applied to the field of vehicle cameras, and realizes the mode control of driver assistance cameras through apis.
As an extension of AVB protocol, Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) introduces related technologies of time-triggered Ethernet, which can efficiently realize the transmission of automotive control information. In addition, the on-board Ethernet of the 1Gbit communication standard also supports Power Over Ethernet (POE) function and Energy-Efficient Ethernet (EEE) function. The POE function provides power for connected terminal devices while transmitting data through twisted pair cables, eliminating the need to connect external power cables to terminals and reducing the complexity of power supply.
On-board Ethernet standardization
In terms of in-vehicle Ethernet standardization, the IEEE802.3 and IEEE802.1 working groups, AUTOSAR, the OPEN Alliance and the AVnu Alliance have played a major role in promoting it.
The IEEE802.3 local area network standard represents the mainstream Ethernet standard in the industry, and the on-board Ethernet technology is developed on the basis of IEEE802.3, so the IEEE is currently the most important international standardization body for on-board Ethernet. In order to meet the requirements of the car, it involves the development of a number of new specifications and the revision of the original specifications within the two working groups of IEEE802 and 802.1, including PHY specifications, AVB specifications, and single-wire to data line power supply. In addition, AVB related to AV transmission, timing synchronization and other specifications also need to be standardized by other technical committees of IEEE, such as IEEE1722 and IEEE1588.
OPEN Alliance
The OPEN Industry Alliance was launched in November 2011 by Broadcom, NXP, and BMW to promote the application of Ethernet-based technology standards to in-car connectivity. The main standardization goal is to develop a 100Mbit/s BroadR-R physical layer standard and develop OPEN interoperability requirements.
AUTOSAR
AUTOSAR is a consortium of automotive manufacturers, suppliers, and tool developers that aims to develop an open, standardized automotive software architecture, and the AUTOSAR specification already includes the automotive TCP/UDP/IP protocol stack.
AVnu
The AVnu Alliance was formed by Broadcom in collaboration with Cisco, Harman and Intel to promote the IEEE 802.1 AVB standard and the Time Synchronization Network (TSN) standard, establish a certification system, and address important technical and performance issues such as precise timing, real-time synchronization, bandwidth reservation, and traffic shaping.