Who is the football field lighting? Regarding lighting design, we have always emphasized the user's benchmark. Therefore, the quality of football stadium lighting is mainly set according to the experience of its users, which are followed by athletes and referees, live audiences, and audiences in front of TV sets. The quality of the football field lighting depends on the illuminance level, illuminance uniformity and glare control. The level of illumination required by the athlete is different from that of the audience. For the athlete, the required level of illumination is relatively low, and the purpose of the audience is to watch the game. The lighting requirements increase as the viewing distance increases. How to judge the level of football field lighting? For the audience, the visibility of the athlete is related to both the vertical illumination and the horizontal illumination. The vertical illumination depends on the projection direction and position of the floodlight. Since the horizontal illumination is easy to calculate and measure, the illumination recommendation value refers to the horizontal illumination. The number of viewers varies greatly depending on the stadium, and the viewing distance is related to the capacity of the stadium. Therefore, the required illumination of the venue increases with the increase of the stadium as required. In addition, illuminance uniformity, brightness uniformity, and stereoscopic perception (horizontal and vertical relative imaging evaluation) are the criteria for judging the level of football field lighting. Figure: Left image, horizontal illumination standard calculation grid; right image, vertical illumination standard calculation grid. It is a “test paper†for accurate measurement of the lighting level of the football field. Figure: The ray angle setting plays a crucial role in glare control. Therefore, the requirements of the football field lighting system must simultaneously achieve a variety of functions. First, the full lighting conditions must be provided for the players to fully demonstrate their skills, so that the referees can clearly make judgments and give the audience at all angles. Clearly watch the live game and live large-screen reports; in addition, must meet the requirements of live recording and TV relay equipment; finally, must comply with the specified parameters, consider the economic needs of lighting and light pollution. Figure: Blue is a regular fixed-race camera and orange is a dynamic camera. The distribution of the light must take into account the setting of the camera position to ensure that the high quality game image is delivered to the viewer's eyes. International football venue application grading and corresponding requirements According to the use function of the football field, the international lighting environment will be divided into five levels, but the daily general-purpose classification is only based on the requirements of the football field, and the weight of the requirements for watching the audience and watching the live TV. And the standard level, divided into three levels of high, medium and standard, the micro-classroom is more willing to simple and intuitive, according to the three classification standards to explain to everyone: Highest level This level is currently the highest standard football field lighting standard, suitable for international competitions, global TV live broadcast, the World Cup we are currently watching, is the typical representative of this level As shown in the figure, this type of cloth is generally arranged in an annular light belt. The arrangement of the following figure simulates the light distribution quality requirements. In the central area, the lighting requirement for this level is 1400LX, and then the center of the playing field is declining to the auditorium. medium This level is suitable for domestic competitions, domestic TV live broadcasts, we usually chase the Evergrande PK Guoan and so on, using this standard lighting. standard This level is suitable for domestic competitions, no live TV Generally speaking, the illumination of this kind of venue is required to be between 750-1000LX, basically only need to pay attention to the player competition and the audience to watch clearly. On this basis, FIFA's level requirements have increased: for league or club competitions, no live TV and for daily training or entertainment, no TV live broadcast, these two and the above three constitute five grades . 1. Camera position When the football field needs to be televised, the camera position will affect the illumination level, and the vertical illumination in the direction of the main camera is the key object of investigation. Figure 7-2 shows the bitmap of a commonly used international football game TV relay. It is necessary to point out that different broadcast companies have different requirements for retransmission, and the position will change. This figure is for reference only. For the level of broadcast events, such as the domestic Super League, there are only three seats, namely 1, 8, 10, which is the minimum requirement allowed by FIFA. The camera position number and its meaning are shown in Table 7-4. Camera position and its function There are several ways to light the football field: one. Four-corner arrangement (1) The luminaires are arranged in a concentrated manner with the poles at the corners of the competition venue. a. Scope: Applicable to football stadiums with TV broadcasts. b. Technical features: Four lighthouses or poles are arranged outside the four corners, and should also be placed outside the normal line of sight of the athletes. C. The diagonal lighthouse is usually on the extension of the diagonal of the football field. d. Lighthouse location: When there is no TV broadcast, the 5 degrees outside the edge line in Figure 7-3 and the 10 degrees outside the bottom line are the minimum values. The lighthouse can only be placed in the red area of ​​the figure. In the case of a TV broadcast, the angle outside the bottom line should not be less than 15 degrees. Lighthouse height: the height of the lighthouse is calculated according to equation (7-1) h=dtg Ø (7-1) h----the height of the lighthouse d----the distance from the center of the stadium to the lighthouse Ø----The angle between the center of the stadium and the lighthouse and the top. e. Lamps and lamp holders: In order to control glare, the projection angle of the lamps should not exceed 70 degrees. That is, the shading angle of the luminaire should be greater than 20 degrees. As shown in Figure 7-5: The two sides are arranged in a light strip arrangement and a multi-bar arrangement. a. Scope of application: football stadium with television broadcast b. Technical features: There are TV broadcasts, there are generally stands, the canopy at the top of the stands can support the lighting device, the light belt arrangement is a kind of lateral arrangement, and more continuous light belts are used. Now the segmented light belts are also arranged frequently. be utilized. Compared with the four-corner arrangement, the light-emitting luminaires are closer to the stadium and the lighting effect is better. c. Belt position: In order to ensure that the goalkeeper and the players attacking near the corner area have good line of sight conditions, based on the midpoint of the goal line, The lighting device cannot be placed at least 15 degrees on both sides of the bottom line. In 2007, international football made the latest regulations, and the scope of not being able to install lights has expanded. Figures 7-7 show the latest requirements for not being able to illuminate. No light can be placed in the space at a 20 degree angle from the bottom line and a 45 degree angle to the horizontal. (This is a new requirement) The height of the light strip is lower than that of the four corners. The uniformity of the illumination of the strip is easier to achieve, and the vertical illumination is so. The horizontal illumination is also the same. The cost is relatively cheap. The light belt often uses the horse track, the utilization rate of the horse track is high, and the technical performance and economy are good. Therefore, this type of lighting is widely used. (2) Multi-pole arrangement. The luminaires are combined with light poles or lighthouses and are arranged in clusters on both sides of the field. a. Scope of application: In the football field without TV broadcast, the multi-tower arrangement is adopted for the lateral arrangement of lighting devices. b. Features: The poles are usually placed on both sides of the game. Generally speaking, the height of the poles of the multi-bar lamps can be lower than that of the four corners. The multi-tower is arranged in a four-bar arrangement, or a six-bar arrangement, or an eight-bar arrangement. As shown in Figure 7-9 c. Light pole position: In order to avoid the line of sight interference to the goalkeeper and the offensive player, the midpoint of the goal line is used as the reference point. The poles cannot be placed at least 10 degrees on either side of the bottom line. The pole should also be placed outside the barrier-free area and must not affect the line of sight that the viewer normally views. d. Pole height: The height of the pole of the multi-bar lamp is still calculated using equation (7-1). three. Mixed arrangement The arrangement of the two sides is combined with the arrangement of the four corners. a. Scope of application: There is a football field broadcast on television. This type of lighting is widely used, and it is suitable for comprehensive stadiums, old field renovations, etc. b. Technical features: It combines the characteristics of the two sides and the four corners. 2835 240 Led Single Color,Single Color Pixel Led Light,Single Red Led ,Single Colour Led NINGBO SENTU ART AND CRAFT CO.,LTD. , https://www.lightworld-sentu.com
Table 1 actual lighting power of football professional venue
Table 2 Lighting standard values ​​for football venues
Figure: Incorrect use of floodlights can interfere with athletes, especially goalkeepers. Lighting design must be performed strictly according to standards.
According to the uniformity of the stadium, the cloth lights and the corners of the court; 4 sets of lights, each set of high pole lights with 5 floodlights .
two. Arranged on both sides
Each group of light poles can be equipped with 5 ç› metal halide lamp floodlights, and the power is generally 1000W, 1500W or 2000W metal halide light source electrical appliances;
(1) Light belt arrangement. The luminaires are combined with the construction roads and are arranged on both sides of the site in the form of continuous light strips or clusters.
d. Belt height: The height of the belt can be calculated using equation (7-1), but the meaning of d and h changes.
6 sets of light poles for each assembly lamp 2ç›
Evenly uneven, according to 8 sets of lights (2 sets of metal halide lights on each set)
In the football lighting sub-field, the football field lighting and the off-site football field lighting are different. The standard should be based on the use of the football field to determine the standard of lighting, training and entertainment activities illumination 200lx, amateur competition 500lx, professional competition 750lx, general tv broadcast 1000lx, large international competition HDTV broadcast 1400lx, tv emergency 750lx, TV broadcast Football stadiums usually have a large audience and a high level of architecture. Usually, international competitions or national competitions are held. Therefore, sports lighting should not only consider horizontal illumination, but also measure its vertical illumination and its uniformity.
Fueling the World Cup: full analysis of football field lighting applications
With the east wind of the Beijing Olympic Games, China's sports architecture has made great progress, and sports buildings and sports facilities are being built in various universities, colleges and even primary and secondary schools. Sports lighting is one of the most important systems in sports architecture and has attracted the attention of the industry. Sports lighting fixtures have a large power and a large number of lamps. Table 1 shows the actual installation capacity of some famous football stadium sports lighting. In the table, the total power of the French Marseille Stadium is only about 338 kW, which can achieve an average vertical illumination of 1 500 k. The total lighting power of the German Allianz Stadium at the same illumination level is about 502 kW, which is about 1.49 times that of the Marseille Stadium. It can be seen that the same lighting level, due to many factors, causes the power and quantity of sports lighting lamps to vary greatly. Therefore, the energy saving potential of sports lighting is large. This article shares the measures of energy saving for sports lighting with readers.
It should be noted that the energy-saving measures for sports lighting mentioned in this paper do not consider the influence of architecture and structure, that is, the unnecessary waste of construction and structural professional conditions. The lighting standards of different grades are different. Take the football field as an example (see Table 2). When the HDTV broadcast requirements are met, the vertical illumination of the main camera is not less than 2 000 lx; ​​when the broadcast is normal, the vertical illumination of the main camera. As long as it is not less than 1000 lx. The lighting standard is reduced by half, the number of lamps used is also reduced by half, and the initial investment and maintenance costs are reduced accordingly. Therefore, lighting design should choose the appropriate lighting standards, should not be blindly climbed.
Football has become one of the most popular sports and entertainment projects in the world, especially in Europe, South America and Latin America. Football is more than just sports. Watching live broadcasts has become the main evening show for people. This is also commercial TV. An important source of income. We believe that in this World Cup, most of the people in the world, including you who look at the screen, will watch the game on the screen instead of watching it on the screen. Therefore, we are watching the game, but after the wonderful event, we have to see a lot. The professional service, lighting design is one of the important members. Football is a highly confrontational group sporting event, a popular sport in the world. The history of football development is sufficient to illustrate vitality and influence. According to the rules of the FIFA, the length of the football field is 105~110m and the width is 68~75m. There should be no obstacles at least 5m outside the bottom line and the side line to ensure the safety of the athletes.
China's lighting standards for football stadiums:
1. Lighting standards for outdoor football fields
Note: Direct glare to the goalkeeper should be avoided for athletes, especially in the "corner".
2. Lighting standards for indoor soccer stadiums
Note: There should be sufficient illumination above the playing field, but glare should be avoided.
3.FIFK does not have the recommended value of artificial lighting parameters for football field broadcast on TV.
* Consider the illuminance value of the lamp maintenance factor, that is, the value in the table is multiplied by 1.25 equal to the initial illuminance value
4.FIFK has the recommended value of artificial lighting parameters for football field broadcast on TV.
Note 1. The vertical illuminance value is related to each camera.
2. The illuminance value should take into account the lamp maintenance factor. The recommended lamp maintenance factor is 0.8. Therefore, the initial value of the illuminance should be 1.25 times the value in the table.
3. The illuminance gradient should not exceed 20% per 5m.
4. Glare index GR ≤ 50.
5. There is a football field lighting standard for TV broadcasts.
Note 1. The vertical illumination in the table is the vertical illumination of the fixed (or field) camera direction;
2. The vertical illumination uniformity of the field camera can be estimated by comparing the vertical illumination between the cameras;
3. The illuminance value in the table is maintained (maintained), the recommended maintenance factor is 0.7, so the initial illuminance value should be about 1.4 times the value in the table;
4. Glare index GR ≤ 50;
5. Recognize and encourage light sources that use constant lumen output.
6. There is no football field lighting standard for TV broadcasts.
Note 1. The illuminance value in the table is used (maintained) illuminance;
2. The recommended maintenance factor is o.7, so the initial illuminance value is about 1.4 times the value in the table;
3. The illuminance gradient per 10m of the table, that is, the illuminance gradient should not exceed 30%;
4. Avoid glare in the athlete's main field of vision.
7.GAISF indoor soccer field lighting standard