1. Acoustic processing and room aesthetics Starting from the aesthetics of the home, the style of the home determines the aesthetics of an audio-visual room and the rationality of the overall design. The home style is comprehensive and complex, ideological, material, traditional, and regional. Factors such as the occupant's personal experience, talents and preferences, and external influences. Regardless of the cause, you must first consider the basic style of the living room. Once you have established an atmosphere, a style, and an angle, you can carefully build your own style and gradually gain confidence. Acoustic processing is a process of moving forward to provide high-quality sound. Once acoustic design and interior design cannot coexist in one space, one of them will definitely compromise. However, for many theater designers, acoustics There is no mutually exclusive problem between processing and room aesthetics, because modern acoustic processing methods have been developed in the direction of art and practicality for a long time, and in home theater interior design can also accommodate many of us. What is unacceptable in the home, these two disciplines from different fields will give birth to positive beneficial factors in the home theater. For example, we can accept the installation of a concealed diffuser at the ceiling, accepting a sound-absorbing keel in the wall, and accepting a carpet and a split-level design. It is worth noting that in the design of home theater, acoustic design and interior design must be consistent, the design must be carried out at the same time, and must be completed in the decoration construction. How to compromise acoustic processing and room aesthetics: Both acoustic design and interior design work together to create a beautiful audio-visual room. Any acoustic design needs to be integrated into the entire interior design Acoustic materials must be well concealed and always hidden Acoustic materials are preferably modular Sound insulation and acoustic treatment The purpose of sound insulation is to minimize the transmission of sound between the audio-visual room and other rooms or spaces in the home to improve the experience of watching movies and reduce the impact on adjacent spaces. The purpose of acoustic processing is to minimize the formation of standing waves and other unnecessary sound reflections to create a natural space for the replay of the sound system to be performed correctly, so that every viewer has a pleasant viewing experience. Acoustic design of an audio-visual room In addition to sound insulation, control of reflected sound and reverberation time, standing wave processing is also a very important measure. There are standing waves in each room, and the standing waves cannot be completely eliminated. They can only be avoided or suppressed by other methods. And we know that the method of controlling the standing wave is: 1. Control the length, width and height of the room; 2. Change the position of the subwoofer (or the listening position); 3. Use acoustic processing materials (such as low frequency traps) and so on. Good sound insulation ensures that viewers can watch movies (or listen to music) without disturbing the outside world, without disturbing the normal life of their neighbors. At the same time, ensure that the room has a high enough signal-to-noise ratio to allow the audience to hear more sound details and a larger dynamic range. In order to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio in the room, it is recommended that the audio-visual room be constructed with the structure of the room in the room. The structure of the room is to use the gap between the room and the wall of the room to block the spread of sound, so as to achieve efficient sound insulation. Although this structure is relatively expensive in terms of cost, the effect is the most remarkable and it is recognized as one of the best sound insulation methods. In addition to the channel, there is a subwoofer. It is usually represented by a dot number. For example, 5 channels plus a subwoofer is 5.1 channel, where the .1 refers to the subwoofer, and its main purpose is to supplement the low frequency of the entire speaker system. The 5.1 channel has also been widely used in various traditional theaters and home theaters. Some well-known sound recording compression formats, such as Dolby Digital (Dolby Digital) and DTS, are based on the 5.1 sound system. The "5.1" channel is a specially designed subwoofer channel that produces a subwoofer with a frequency response range of 20 to 120 Hz. In the 5.1-channel system, the left (L), middle (C), right (R), left rear (LS), and right rear (RS) directions are used to output sounds, which makes people feel like they are in the concert hall. The five channels are independent of each other, and the “.1†channel is a specially designed subwoofer channel. It is precisely because there are speakers in the front and rear, so there is a sense of reality surrounded by music. However, if your main speaker (5 or 7) is very strong, you can also add no bass, but you must turn off the decoder's bass and let this part of the signal be assigned to the main speaker. However, usually in the movie soundtrack, the energy of the subwoofer is mainly concentrated around 60Hz. Many movies even contain information as low as 20Hz. The highest sound pressure level in the field can reach 105dB, which can be said to be deafening. It can be said that the theater lacking a subwoofer is hard to say is complete. As for how to choose a subwoofer, simply speaking, the larger the woofer, the better, the size should not be less than 30cm, see the technical specifications, of course, to listen to the effect. Third, AV power amplifier selection For the power amplifier, the current AV amplifier products on the market are also numerous brands, and the medium and high-grade products are also available. Users can choose according to the budget. I recommend netizens, if you are an entry-level user, you can choose a combined AV amplifier with built-in decoder. In addition, it is very important to select the appropriate output power for the amplifier. How to determine the power output by the amplifier? If you don't know, you should be optimistic. If you use the volume control knob of the power amplifier, you only need to rotate to the 1/3 position of the maximum volume. The volume of the speaker can meet the actual listening needs, which means that the output power can be To meet the requirements of use, it is more appropriate. Know this, it will be easier to choose. Usually the output power of the AV amplifier should be 1.5 to 2.0 times the rated power of the speakers used in the system. High-power AV power amplifiers often use multiple pairs of power amplifier tubes and large-capacity power transformers, while low-power AV power amplifiers may use lower-cost power ICs for later stages. Of course, if your budget is sufficient, you can directly choose a THX-certified AV amplifier. And it is recommended that when users buy, it is best to connect the speaker to the power amplifier for actual audition, so it is best to buy speakers and amplifiers in the same company. You can exchange different combinations for audition until you choose your favorite voice. Fourth, the choice of player Leaving Blu-ray and HDDVD, DVD is the best audio and video source device (Editor's Note: Blu-ray DVD) because it can interpret Dolby Digital or dts sound. Many netizens think that enjoying music or CD is the best. Actually, the current SACD and DVD-Audio sound quality specifications exceed the CD and support multi-channel. CD can only provide two-channel stereo source. Same day. However, this is also a personal favorite. It is still recommended to buy a DVD to set up a theater. Some entry-level users want to choose a DVD in one step, and the selected DVD is compatible with all formats. At present, DVD can read MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG4, EVD-specific formats, HDV-specific formats and FLASH audio and video formats as well as MP3, WMA, CD audio, MIDI, HDCD and other audio formats. However, there is currently no DVD that has the ability to read all formats. And not all formats are commonly used, and the advanced reading format is not meaningful to everyone. Therefore, when purchasing a DVD, it is best to choose according to your own needs, otherwise it is a waste. Five, equalizer In many audio-visual magazines, websites, forums, you will see the word "equalizer". What is an equalizer? The equalizer, as its name suggests, balances the balance of high, medium, and low sound. Its main function is to compensate for the shortcomings of the acoustic properties of the indoor space. A set of high-quality home theater audio system, at least the three channels in front and the subwoofer can not lack the audio and video equalizer. In terms of the equalizer, we mainly start from the four technical specifications of signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range, frequency adjustment point and adjustment range. However, the equalizer is generally used for professional purposes, it is difficult for amateur players to make him good, and it is self-defeating. Therefore, it is not recommended to use entry-level fans. Sound insulation and acoustic treatment: Understand the sound insulation and frequency response of the audio-visual room Find qualified home theater designers for acoustic correction Add acoustic material and change the placement of the speakers a, the type of treatment If furniture, curtains and other furniture items have been placed in a room, then the room actually has good acoustic properties. However, in many cases, the audio-visual room we made is a rough room, and the designers can only Seeing an empty room, the acoustic design should use the two methods of absorption and diffusion as much as possible, and the absorption and diffusion have complementary relationships. However, excessive use of acoustically treated materials or too little use can affect the overall system's sound performance. In addition, the low frequency standing wave is due to the physical size of the room. All rooms have low frequency standing wave problems, and there is no complete solution. In addition to processing the audio-visual room, changing the size ratio of the room, selecting the appropriate listening position, rational positioning of the subwoofer, using the acoustic processing method for low frequencies, and using the equalizer, the acoustic effects can be well performed. deal with. In the face of noise problems, processing can be carried out by isolating airborne propagation and isolating structural propagation. An important part of the isolation of airborne air is the use of specially designed sound insulation ducts or the use of ultra-quiet air conditioners; special wall structures can be used in the propagation of isolated structures. Choice of processing type: The sound of hard structural construction materials is eliminated Sound absorption treatment of walls Sound diffusion treatment of walls Establishment of low frequency traps Sound insulation 2, absorption Acoustic treatment of the room, focusing on the side walls and ceiling. In principle, the processing and diffusion of indoor sound waves should be more than absorption. The purpose is to reduce the resonance intensity. It is necessary to use sound-absorbing materials reasonably. It is best to consider some materials with certain sound-absorbing functions when decorating the room. Many home environments use general furniture or furnishings for the absorption of sound. For example, thin carpets, curtains, tapestries, etc. have a strong absorption effect on medium and high frequencies, but the effect on low frequency sound absorption is small, if used Too much will cause the reverberation time of the medium and high frequency sounds in the room to be short. In the professional sound absorption treatment, common sound absorbing materials include keel for sound insulation, gypsum board, polymer plastic and felt. In the construction of the sound absorption of the audio-visual room, we usually add equipment to the side wall. We can evenly set some sound absorption and diffusion materials. The usual treatment method is to make the cavity sound insulation on the basis of the original wall, but it will lead to a reduction in the space area. You can first put a light steel keel or wooden keel on the wall, then install two layers of gypsum board or sound absorbing board on the outside of the keel, and then add a layer of sound insulation felt in the middle of the gypsum board or sound absorbing board. If you want good effect, you need to be in the keel. The cavity is filled with sound-absorbing cotton, sound-proof cotton, and some decorations are added outside. 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Try to use more durable and moisture-proof materials such as fiberglass to ensure that these materials have good flame retardancy. After installation, the sound-permeable cloth can be properly used to cover the color. There is no requirement for the selection of lighter type 3. Diffusion room When the diffusion characteristics are good, the sound attenuation is smooth, and the sound throughout the room feels uniform. Any convex surface has the ability to diffuse sound waves, including bevels, curved surfaces, and convex arc surfaces. When the acoustic wave frequency needs to be diffused but is subject to the convex size, a diffuser plate can be used for processing. The acoustic characteristics of the building in the listening room are different. The reflection and absorption of sound by different objects are also different. Therefore, the acoustic processing in order to improve the listening environment, the sound absorption and diffusion processing in the room is a very important acoustic processing. . When installing diffusing materials in the audio-visual room and performing reverberation tests, it must be ensured that there are no materials with special hard reflections in the room, such as glass, metal plates, etc.
Since sound waves are continuously reflected on various reflecting surfaces of the room and constantly change their direction of propagation, the sound field that enables sound waves at any position in the room to propagate in all directions is called a diffused sound field. The diffuse sound field in the strict sense must satisfy the following three conditions: 1. The indoor sound energy density is uniform, that is, the sound energy density is equal everywhere. 2. The probability of sound energy being transmitted in all directions in the room is equal. 3. The sound waves arriving at any point from all directions in the room have an irregular phase. In such a sound field, sound waves do not merge together in a spatial position or a propagation direction, but gradually expand as the propagation process progresses and spreads until it is full of space and spreads in all directions.
Characteristics of the diffuser:
1. It can diffuse and reflect sounds in multiple frequency bands. 2. It can be hidden in the art design of the entire theater. 3. Must be installed and tested synchronously with sound absorption. 4. Low frequency traps for low frequency in the room. Incorrect settings, designers will recommend installing low frequency traps in the room. The main function of the low frequency trap is to deal with the adverse effects of low frequency reflection in the room. Low frequency reflections cause two major problems: one is the room roar, which is caused by the natural resonance of the room. In the space of the opposite walls, there will be a series of low frequency signals that are louder than other frequencies and last longer. This kind of roaring can make the music confusing, so that the correct sound from various bass instruments cannot be well distinguished. Another serious problem caused by low frequency reflection is the severe distortion of the frequency response curve.
To understand the low frequency trap, we can start by understanding its type. There are several types of low frequency traps that are common, each with some small variants. The most popular type is the Helmholtz resonator, which is named after the authoritative scientist Herman von Helmholtz (1821-1894) in this field. Its design principle is simple, a large box with a small opening will resonate with a specific frequency. Any sound waves falling into the low frequency trap band will cause the air inside the box to reciprocate. The sonic energy is then consumed into the air in the tank, thereby removing the sonic energy in the room. The second type, a resonant low-frequency trap that uses fiberglass as a sound absorbing material, is often referred to as a panel trap. Panel traps typically use glass fibers to broaden the absorption range, but have the disadvantage that such low frequency traps are difficult to produce sufficiently effective absorption for frequencies below 80 Hz.
The placement of low frequency traps:
Low frequency standing waves in the four corner will typically focus, disposed in a corner bass trap best preferentially placed in the corner behind the loudspeaker bass traps placed in four corner, it may extend to the top of the ceiling <br> bass trap points:
Acoustic treatments for low-frequency standing waves and low-frequency chaos. There are many types of low-frequency traps. Products that meet the needs of the room must be selected. Basically, in the small room audio-visual room, the wall angle should be used as the main placement point. 5. Lighting effects in the home The lighting system in the theater audio-visual room can be summarized as the scope of atmosphere lighting, and the atmosphere lighting is mainly used to create a comfortable atmosphere. To create atmosphere lighting, lamps of different heights should be used. For example, low floor lamps, desk lamps with colored shades, or some beautiful LED backlights, add a starry effect to the ceiling to create a romantic atmosphere at night. In addition, functional lighting that spreads far from other parts of the room can also create an atmosphere. Using some soft yellow light will make people feel comfortable at home, so for those who come out early and late, it is more appropriate to use a yellow light. In addition to highlighting the focus of the audio-visual room, good lighting effects can also hide and highlight the acoustic materials and the various objects placed in the audio-visual room, such as adding a starry sky effect to the ceiling's sound absorbing and diffusing panels. It can be felt that it is an acoustic design. Using spotlights to illuminate the movie posters on the wall, you can highlight the theme of the whole room, so that people can better participate in the movie and let themselves be in the cinema. in.
In addition to the modeling lights, ordinary lighting is also necessary for the audio-visual room. The general lighting function is to provide uniform light for the whole room, to determine the overall tone, and to combine the function with the atmosphere lighting. Ceiling lights, chandeliers with translucent lampshades and upward illuminating lights illuminate the entire room and evenly project light.
Lighting effects points:
Separate the ambient lighting from the general lighting fixtures. The ambient lighting fixtures can usually be adjusted. The general lighting fixtures should be similar to the ambient lighting fixtures. The bright lights are suitable for large rooms, and the light in the small rooms must be soft.
It is conceivable to install a styling spotlight behind the sound-transmitting screen to highlight the speaker behind it. The intelligent and intelligent lighting has become a major direction of today's building development. In addition to intelligent cinema equipment, the lighting system is gradually moving towards intelligent control and energy saving. In the field. The intelligent lighting control system intelligently dims and switches the lights in the home, making the audio-visual environment more ambience. At present, many intelligent control systems that support audio and video control have added lighting control functions, and only need to add lighting circuits to the sensors and weak current control to complete the intelligent control of the entire home audio and video system. The intelligent control of the lights can also be combined into different lighting scene modes, such as cinema mode, warm mode, game mode, reading mode, etc., so that the multi-purpose audio-visual room can produce different atmospheres. In actual use, you can use the theme mode and preset functions. Just press the button on the remote control to start a light theme. This is a kind of different effects to show various home atmospheres through the different light and dark changes of different groups of lights. In the modern home theater system, the intelligentization of lighting has gradually become the focus of design.
Intelligent lighting systems enable people to live in the most comfortable state, no matter how large the system is. With the promotion of intelligent lighting systems in the market, it has increasingly shown its advantages, while bringing a variety of functions, it also creates a comfortable space for audio-visual life.
Intelligent control of lighting:
Intelligent lighting control system can intelligently dim and switch the lamps in the home. At present, many intelligent control systems that support audio and video control have added lighting control functions. The intelligent lighting has gradually become the focus of design, so that the multi-purpose audio-visual room can produce different environments. atmosphere
The core content of the overall solution is actually how to integrate the entire theater system, and at the same time achieve the purpose of unified control, unified management and unified maintenance. So for the average consumer, how can we instill the concept of the overall solution into them? An intelligent control system is a good example. In the past, when intelligent control was not very popular, people would choose some smart remote controllers to integrate the remote control commands of multiple devices to achieve a one-stop control experience. Secondly, the linkage between equipment and equipment was used to achieve linkage operation. Today, we can get a fairly complete intelligent control system, with a simple controller to control all the electronic devices in the entire room.
If the above statement is for the general user experience, then the other meaning of the overall solution is to explain to the designer, the overall solution is to integrate different audio and video elements into a whole in. Every branch has its importance, it's important to understand what you are responsible for and to do your job seriously. Imagine that each person has a variety of different organs in his body, but their role is equally important, so in the overall solution, each part can be perfected and planned. They are combined and this is a successful overall solution.
To build a great overall solution, you need to understand that the overall solution is to start from every successful subsystem. In the different parts of the design process, you need to interact with the overall solution. No matter how complicated, you must be as simple as possible in the operation. The design and combination are very important, but the customer cares only the room.
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