Abstract: Moran believes that system theory surpasses reductionism, and complexity theory surpasses system theory. They represent the three steps reached by scientific methodology. Complexity research has emerged from the end of the 20th century, and has now become a frontier and hot spot in many disciplines at home and abroad. It involves another new type of interdisciplinary methodology. Although people still lack a strict and consistent definition of the concept of "complexity", everyone is aware that the complexity method is created to make up for the shortcomings of the long-dominated classical science simplified method. Next, I will discuss the basic connotation of the complexity method by analyzing the content of the three stages or genres of the mainstream international complexity research. The French philosopher Edgar Morin was the first person to systematically propose a method of complexity in contemporary times. He pursued a revolution in the "complexity paradigm" in the field of human thought. His method of complexity mainly uses the conceptual model of "unity of diversity" to correct the reductionist method of classical science, and criticizes mechanical determinism with the notion that the basic nature of the world is the unity of order and disorder. Contextualize the cognition object to oppose the pursuit of complete cognition in a closed system, and advocate that the whole and part jointly determine the system to revise the simple holistic principle of the traditional system view, and so on. Moran's proposed time for the symbol of complexity can be set in 1973 when he published "The Lost Paradigm: A Study of Human Nature." In 1979, the famous Belgian scientist Prigogine first proposed the concept of "complexity science". Prigogine essentially puts complexity science as the antithesis and transcendence of classical science. He said: "In classical physics, the basic processes are considered deterministic and reversible." (Prigogine and Stange "From Chaos to Order", Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 1987, No. 42) And today, “Physical science is moving from a deterministic reversible process to a random and irreversible process.†(Ibid., p. 224) The core issue that Prigogine is firmly grasping is that classical physics is in its The static and simplified research method never considers the role of the parameter "time" and ignores the "historical" nature of natural changes. The theory of complexity he put forward is the physics theory of irreversible processes, which mainly reveals the dissipative structure theory of the evolutionary mechanism of matter. Prigogine said that this theory studies "self-organization phenomena leading to complex processes" in physics and chemistry. Therefore, we can think that the “complexity†referred to by Prigogine means the totality of the phenomena included in the irreversible evolutionary physical process: the multiple development possibilities and uncertainties that appear at the thermodynamic bifurcation point, dynamic and orderly The continuous growth and diversification of the structure and so on. The Santa Fe Institute in the United States was established in 1984. It took over the slogan of "complexity science". Because of its strength, it is now regarded as the center of the world's complexity research. Gellman, the academic leader of the Santa Fe Institute and the Nobel Prize winner in Physics, mentioned the research purpose of the Santa Fe Institute: “A major challenge of modern science is to follow the ladder from elementary particle physics and cosmology to complex In the field of systems, explore mixed events combining simplicity and complexity, regularity and randomness, order and disorder." (Gellman "Quark and Jaguar", Hunan Science and Technology Press, 1999, No. Page 119) The research object of the Santa Fe Institute is complex adaptive systems. It proposes that "adaptability creates complexity", indicating that it mainly studies the structure and behavior of systems that can learn in the process of adapting to the environment. To complex evolution. The common feature of complex adaptive systems is that they can extract information about the regularity of the objective world from experience as a reference for their behavior, and improve their understanding of the regularity of the world through feedback in practical activities. Behavior. This reflects the active self-organization mechanism of advanced systems such as biology and society. Some people think that complexity theory is a method in the category of system theory because it studies the problem of complex systems. In fact, Moran believes that system theory surpasses reductionism, and complexity theory surpasses system theory. They represent the three steps reached by scientific methodology in turn. The system theory proposed by Bertalanfi in the 1940s started from critical reductionism, and overemphasized the principle of integrity, so that it neglected the positive role of the system's constituent elements. He proposed that the system forms a "increasing system" through "centralization". The "individual" of the more unified" (Beta Lanfei "General System Theory", Tsinghua University Press, 1987, p. 66). In connection with this, he argued that the more powerful the system must be, the more orderly. But now the Santa Fe Institute has put forward the principle of "the edge of chaos", pointing out that "complex adaptive systems work best in an intermediate state between order and disorder" (Gellman "Quark and the Jaguar", p. Page 364). Complex adaptive systems are multiple or multi-agent systems in which a large number of active individuals actively compete and cooperate with each other. In the absence of central command, they can interact and adapt to each other to form a whole system. Order state. The research idea adopted by the Santa Fe Institute is "multi-agent modeling" and "decentralized thinking". Since it mainly starts from the individual and adopts a bottom-up research strategy, it is also called "individual-based thinking". Paradigm". For example, the planned economy embodies the top-down "central control thinking mode", while the market economy is based on the "individual-based thinking paradigm". Commodity producers can interact according to the instructions of the law of value. Spontaneously form a macroeconomic order. From this point of view, the Bertalanfi system is only a simple system, and the complexity view transforms the classical system theory within its horizon to achieve the complex system theory. The complexity theory introduces the diversity, disorder, and individual factors excluded by the simplified rationality of classical science into the scientific field of vision, so as to study the complex self-organization of active systems. Of course, we believe that there should also be some kind of macro-control mechanism to control the self-fluidity of the market economy. Moran also mentioned that the "high complexity of biological organizations and social organizations is manifested in that they are at the same time acentric (that is, with anarchy). The way operates through spontaneous interaction), polycentric (that is, having several centers of control and organization), and monocentric (that is, there is also a highest decision-making center at the same time). 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