Introduction and analysis of the Internet of Things

With the rapid development of information technology, the fields involved in the network continue to increase, and people's dependence on the network is increasing. The network has become an indispensable part of modern society. Just as high-tech is often the first to apply to the laws of the military field, the network was initially successfully applied in the military field, and then gradually promoted and applied to the civilian sector. The network from the instrument to provide news reading, to provide interaction between the website and the user, making the social interaction between people more convenient, and has been able to gradually provide the interaction between people and things, and even things and things. . The Internet has brought about earth-shaking changes to human life and has a major impact on humanity. Nowadays, the Internet age is about to enter the era of Internet of Things, and the development of the future network deserves people's attention.

The network has been growing rapidly since its inception. People have experienced the Web1.0 era, and now they are in the Web2.0 era, and will soon be in the era of the Web 3.0. In the era of Web1.0, information is broadcasted in a broadcast manner, and users can only passively obtain information. The content provided by the website to the user is provided by the website editor after organization and processing. The representative of the website is Sina, Sohu, Netease and other portals. In the era of Web 2.0, information is transmitted in a peer-to-peer (P2P) manner. Users can participate in the creation of subject content. Users are both producers of information and acquirers of information. Web 2.0 is user-centric. The interaction between the website and users, users and users has been strengthened. Typical examples include Facebook, Linkedin, Renren.

There are five main applications of Web2.0: Blog, Rich Site Summary (RSS), Internet Encyclopedia (Wiki), Social Networking Services (SNS), and Tags. Although there is an increase in user engagement compared to Web 1.0, there is a 1% rule in Web 2.0, that is, in a 100-person online group, 1 person creates content, 10 people participate in interaction, and 89 people remain. Just watching. If you enter the era of Web3.0. User engagement will be greatly improved. Google CEO Eric Sohmidl summarized the main features of Web 3.0 as: "The application is relatively small, the data is in the Cloud, the application can run on any device (PC or mobile phone), the application is very fast and Can do a lot of customization". In addition, the network will evolve to artificial intelligence, and open technologies, open identities, and distributed Wanwei databases are also features. The Web3.0 era will realize the great idea of ​​“everywhere is networking”. Because of this, all items are connected to the network, and people can manage their own items in real time through the network. It can be said that people participate in the network all the time. in. The scene of “everywhere is connected” is unimaginable in the past. Due to the continuous improvement of the level of science and technology, this concept is about to become a reality. This is the arrival of the Internet of Things era.

The Internet of Things is based on the Internet, making full use of intelligent embedded technology, wireless data communication technology, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, remote sensing technology, and micro-nano technology to build intelligent networks. From the past, only people can be online. Communication develops to enable interaction between people and things, things and things. By embedding the railway, electrical appliances, etc. into the chip, these items can be automatically sensed and recognized, and humans can remotely control the items, and the whole earth becomes intelligent. In fact, the concept of "Interact of Things" was not recently proposed. As early as 1999, there has been a corresponding statement. It’s just that the era of IoT development seems to be coming. As it literally, it was developed from the Internet, following the personal computer and the Internet. The third revolution in the IT industry. Former IBM CEO Gerstner has proposed the "15-year cycle law", that is, "the calculation mode changes every 15 years", which is as accurate as the Moore's Law discovered by Intel founder Moore: the changes that occurred around 1965 Marked by the mainframe, the changes around 1980 were marked by the popularity of personal computers, and the changes around 1995 were marked by the development of the Internet, and perhaps the Internet of Things will change in 2010. Since the US government's "information superhighway" strategy can ripen the Internet, it is foreseeable that the "smart planet" strategy proposed today under the global financial crisis will also promote the development of the Internet of Things.

The Internet of Things consists of EPC (Product Electronic Code) tags, interpreters, distributed savant software systems, the Internet, ONS (Object Naming Service) servers, PML (Physical Markup Language) servers, and numerous databases. Through the collaborative work, each part realizes the perception between things through transmission, induction, management, etc. Therefore, the Internet of Things is also called the sensor network.

3.1 basic concepts

EPC, the product electronic code, is a unique, searchable identification code assigned to each physical target. The EPC code is a set of numbers consisting of one header and three other pieces of data. The three pieces of data are the manufacturer identification code, the object diagram 2 label and the communication mechanism classification code of the reader, and the serial number. The header identifies the version number of the EPC, which allows subsequent EPCs to have a different length or type; the vendor identification code is information describing the manufacturer associated with this EPC. An example of EPC encoding is shown in Figure 1.

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