January 09, 2025

How does SDN change the multi-tenant data center, and what are the advantages and challenges?

In the past one or two years, how to maintain the isolation of sensitive data between multi-tenants in multi-tenant data centers faces enormous challenges. This article describes how to use SDN to improve the isolation of multi-tenant data centers.

SDN and multi-tenant data centers

Since a typical multi-tenant data center hosts an IT infrastructure for multiple users, each data center has relatively limited resources, so it is often inefficient to serve the entire machine exclusively for one user. In contrast, a bare metal is most likely to host multiple virtual machines for multiple users, the so-called multi-tenant network. In the past, routers and switches handled network segmentation through subnetting and virtual LANs, and a single server rack dedicated to a single application or service was popular in the industry. But now, the growing popularity of software-defined networking (SDN) has first changed the architecture of data centers.

How does SDN change the multi-tenant data center, and what are the advantages and challenges?

The SDN controller is logically located in the northbound position of the underlying switching device, providing the network administrator with a large amount of control over network traffic through the 12-tuple header field:

How does SDN change the multi-tenant data center, and what are the advantages and challenges?

In a given 12-tuple, the network administrator can configure the SDN controller to combine routing traffic based on the packet header. A single user can host multiple services in a multi-tenant data center, and network administrators can configure traffic based on the ingress port, source port, desTInaTIon port, and any combination of headers dedicated to the service hosted by the user. To isolate traffic from other users in the same data center. Thus, if another tenant in the data center runs a similar service or application, the network administrator can instruct the SDN controller to route traffic based on the same header but with different values. As a result, each tenant's traffic is successfully isolated from each other without disrupting network performance.

SDN advantages and challenges

Traditionally, adding a network device or a new server to an existing network requires a large amount of time reserved for the network configuration, and the introduction of new network devices directly into the network will have a significant impact.

But with SDN, the controller can learn how to integrate new devices into the network. While this is a huge advantage for organizations that achieve network agility, it also introduces visualization problems. When an administrator adds or removes multiple devices or networks, it may be difficult to maintain real-time control of the network, which can cause serious security issues. For example, hackers may be more likely to add devices to an SDN network without proper network monitoring.

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