We know that the AC signal is a function of time, its amplitude varies with time, and the maximum instantaneous value that occurs during the change is called the maximum value of AC. The rms value is defined by the idea that the work done by the alternating current in one cycle is equivalent to the work done by the direct current. For example, if an AC power supply is connected to a resistor R and the generated current is i, then the average power in one cycle T is: The power of the DC current I flowing through the same resistor R is P-=RI2, if P~ =P-, then the rms value of this alternating current is equal to this DC current. Similarly, the average power of the AC voltage in one cycle is:, the DC power is P-=U-2/R, such as P~=P-, then the effective value of U~ is equal to the DC voltage. That is, according to the above calculation, there is a relationship between the effective value of the alternating current voltage and its maximum value, that is, the maximum value is a multiple of the effective value. This is why the 220V AC is rectified and its DC voltage is 311V (the filter capacitor plays the role of peak hold). The concept of rms and maximum is important because most of the meters we use today are rms, and in some cases it is easy to overlook the effect of the maximum on the circuit. For example, a speaker with a nominal power of 2W, 2W refers to its rms power, in the audio range, the maximum power (called peak power) is usually about 5 times the effective value, so this speaker can be the maximum A 10W power amplifier is mated, and if the output power of the amplifier is too large, the speaker will be damaged. The ratio Um/U of the maximum value Um to the effective value U is called the peak factor, and the peak factor of the sine wave is represented by db: 20Lg=3db.
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