The order volume of Zhongke Xinsong Co., Ltd., a leading domestic robot manufacturer, has increased rapidly. The customers were originally concentrated in the automotive field, but in the past two years, they have been involved in various fields such as daily use, food, and chemical industry. The era of "machine substitution" is approaching. Where do traditional workers go? When the Kunshan Foxconn Company in Jiangsu started to push automation, the factory supervisors were not enthusiastic. However, when some work environments with poor working conditions were difficult to recruit and more difficult to retain, the supervisors took the initiative to replace the machine production line and replace the workers with robots. . "Many studies show that the cost of China's unit labor is close to the United States," said Wang Yingchun, an associate researcher at the Shanghai Institute of Science and the director of the Shanghai Science and Technology Development Research Center. The so-called unit labor cost refers to the average labor compensation/labor productivity. Although the wages of Chinese workers are not as good as those of the United States, the results of the division of the two are almost the same because of the low labor productivity. Therefore, to maintain the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry, it is a must to improve labor efficiency through industrial upgrading. Yang Ke, vice president of Zhongke Xinsong Co., Ltd., said that the monthly salary of a welding worker in Shanghai is about 6,000 yuan, the annual labor cost is 100,000 yuan, and the price of a welding robot is also about 100,000 yuan. The replacement robot can recover the cost in half a year, and the complicated one can recover the cost in 2-3 years. For enterprises, the choice between robots and people is always in the "wrestling". Yang Wei said that the simpler and more labor-intensive and high-risk industries, the easier it is to be replaced. The former robot is much more efficient than the workers, and the quality is good. The latter can only ask the workers who are willing to do the high price. The price of using a robot is much less. But people don't have to worry too much, because the high cost of employing people will lead entrepreneurs to push Industry 4.0 faster and change production methods. “The manufacturing industry is being replaced by ordinary manufacturing, while the high-tech value-added manufacturing industry is temporarily unaffected. This is consistent with China’s intention to promote smart manufacturing and allow more high-end manufacturing industries to emerge in China.†Yang Wei said . In fact, from the beginning of the industrial revolution, the process of “machine substitution†began. Although people were worried at the time that the human labor would be replaced by machines, social development has not been fewer jobs, but more. The reason is that while the old posts have been replaced, new jobs have emerged. Wang Yingchun said that before the appearance of taxi software, the number of professional taxi drivers was about 2 million, and now the number of registered drivers of Didi exceeds 14 million. This is partly because the efficient new model has spawned more demand for vehicles. . “The same is true for industry.†Wang Yingchun said, “In the past, it was the enterprise line of Foxconn that produced the same goods on a large scale, and more personalized demands will emerge in the future.†Shenyang Machine Tool Group is studying the layout of the cloud manufacturing platform for this reason, let the industrial production adopt the "Drip Machine Tool" mode, connect the CNC machine tool to the cloud platform, and use the sharing economy to connect the production and consumption needs with the idle production capacity. . It is foreseeable that once decentralized intelligent production is sufficiently convenient, potential individual production needs will be stimulated. From the point of view of the cost of employment, the temporary worker unemployment caused by the withdrawal of labor-intensive enterprises from China is inevitable, but what Wang Yingchun cares about is that behind this round of industrial upgrading, new jobs in the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain can remain in China. . Yang Wei also believes that after the large-scale advancement of robots, new jobs will be derived, such as equipment maintenance, secondary development of robots, second-hand equipment trading, and robot application training. These industries have placed higher demands on the quality of workers. "Germany has always attached importance to the cultivation of people. The German Industry 4.0 strategy attaches great importance to the quality of workers. We need to increase the 'upgrade' of industrial workers." Wang Yingchun said. Foxconn also confirmed this. Yu Xiangfu, general manager of Foxconn Technology Group, has announced that Foxconn will recruit people in the future, focusing on recruiting technicians or engineers who can operate the most advanced automation equipment, with a bachelor's degree and special expertise. However, judging from the current situation of employment, many workers still only use the "brute force" twisting screw, and "have no feeling" about the operating machine. Some experts also pointed out that "machine substitution" has become one of the major directions of industrial energy level improvement. The industrial chain will have many new jobs, and the cultivation of high-quality technical and skilled talents as its intellectual support is more urgent. Whether education can cope with this transformation is worthy of attention and consideration. Electronic Assembly Membrane Switches
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